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Macrotyloma geocarpum
''Macrotyloma geocarpum'' is also known as the ground bean, geocarpa groundnut, Hausa groundnut, or Kersting's groundnut. In French, it is often called ''la lentille de terre''. ''M. geocarpum'' is an herbaceous annual plant and a crop of minor economic importance in sub-Saharan Africa, tolerant of drought, with a growth habit similar to that of the peanut.
''M. geocarpum'' is a pulse belonging to the legume family. It is primarily produced in western Africa, specifically in Benin and surrounding regions. It can provide nutrition, income, and the ability to alleviate hunger given the further production and enhancement of current practices.
Yields reach in dry seed.〔Plant resources of tropical Africa. Cereals and pulses. Plant resources of tropical Africa (PROTA). Backhuys Publishers. Eds. Brink, Grubben, etc. 2006. ISBN 90-5782-170-2 p. 100. Cites Leung, Busson & Jardin 1968.〕
==Early 20th century, west Africa==
Following the construction of the Nigerian railway system, which extended from Lagos in 1896 to Ibadan in 1900 and Kano in 1911, the Hausa of northern Nigeria became major producers of groundnuts. They surprised the British, who had expected the Hausa to turn to cotton production. However, the Hausa had sufficient agricultural expertise to realize cotton required more labor and the European prices offered for groundnuts were more attractive than those for cotton. "Within two years, the peasant farmers of Hausaland were producing so many tonnes of groundnuts that the railway was unable to cope with the traffic. As a result, the European merchants in Kano had to stockpile sacks of groundnuts in the streets."〔Shillington, Kevin. ("History of Africa" ), 3rd edition, 2012. Palgrave MacMillan, UK. Page 348. Retrieved 27 April 2015.〕 This is a great example of the African initiative taken by peasant producers to adapt to a cash economy. It is not clear, however, whether the "Hausa groundnut", ''M. geocarpum'', was the groundnut being produced in such significant numbers, as peanuts and Bambara groundnuts are also grown in the region.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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